Tim Bintek Kimia RSBI
When atoms of nonmetal bond with each other, the atoms share the electrons to lower the energy.
A chemical bonding that result when atoms share electrons is called covalent bonding or covalent bond.
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Slide 5 Hydrogen, with just one electron in its K shell, can complete valence shell by obtaining a share of just one electron from another atom such as given in the following example.
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Slide 8 Many nonhydrogen atoms share one or more electrons with the same or different atom to attain eight electrons in its valence shell. These atoms obey the octet rule such as given in the following examples.
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Slide 13 The covalent bond can also be formed between atoms in polyatomic ions such as hydronium ion, H3O+, ammonium ion, NH4+, and hydoxide ion, OHˉ. Their Lewis structures are give in the following pictures.
Slide 15 There are two kinds of pair of electron in the molecule or polyatomic ion, namely bonding pair (BP) and nonbonding pair or lone pair (LP) as shown in the following figure.
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Since electrons are shared, in the H2 molecule, each H atom is considered to have two electrons.
Sharing electrons causes in the HF molecule, hydrogen atom is considered to have two electrons, while fluorine atoms is considered to have eight electrons.
The Lewis structures such as given above are representation of a molecule that shows valence electrons as dots.
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